Nutritional status, health risk behaviors, and eating habits are correlated with physical activity and exercise of brazilian older hypertensive adults: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Nutritional status, health risk behaviors, eating habits, and other comorbidities (such as diabetes) may be associated with recommended amounts of physical activity (PA) and exercise (EX) in healthy older adults. However, these associations are still unclear for older hypertensive adults, who require greater care from health professionals. The purpose of this study was to associate the nutritional status, health risk behaviors, eating habits, and the presence of diabetes with recommended amounts of physical activity and exercise practice of older hypertensive adults. METHODS: Ten thousand seven hundred eighty-nine older hypertensive adults (70.9 ± 7.4 years) from the VIGITEL telephone survey were classified according to PA levels (insufficiently active/sufficiently active) and EX practice (non-practitioners/practitioners). Binary logistic regression was used to observe the odds ratio (OR) between independent variables (nutritional status [body mass index], sociodemographic characteristics [age/sex/years of study], risk behaviors [screen time/alcohol/tobacco consumption], eating habits [minimally/ultra-processed foods consumption score], and the presence of diabetes) with recommended amounts of PA/EX (dependent variable). RESULTS: Highest nutritional status (ORPA = 0.975 [95%-CI: 0.965 - 0.985]; OREX = 0.981[95%-CI: 0.972 - 0.991]), age (ORPA = 0.955 [95%-CI: 0.949 - 0.961]; OREX = 0.980[95%-CI: 0.975 - 0.986]), screen time (ORPA = 0.909[95%-CI: 0.835 - 0.990]), alcohol consumption (ORPA = 0.683[95%-CI: 0.621 - 0.758]; OREX = 0.702[95%-CI: 0.637 - 0.779]), tobacco (ORPA = 0.601 [95%-CI: 0.492 - 0.736]; OREX = 0.464[95%-CI: 0.384 - 0.562]) ultra-processed foods consumption score (ORPA = 0.896[95%-CI: 0.871 - 0.921]; OREX = 0.886[95%-CI: 0.863 - 0.909]) and having diabetes (ORPA = 0.780[95%-CI: 0.708 - 0.859]; OREX = 0.831[95%-CI: 0.759 - 0.909]) reduced the odds of being sufficiently active/practicing exercise (p < 0.05). Male sex (ORPA = 1.633[95%-CI: 1.491 - 1.789]; OREX = 1.247[95%-CI: 1.140 - 1.363]), years of study (ORPA = 1.026[95%-CI: 1.018 - 1.035]; OREX = 1.050[95%-CI: 1.041 - 1.058]), and minimally processed foods consumption score increased the odds of being sufficiently active/practicing exercise (ORPA = 1.132[95%-CI: 1.109 - 1.155]; OREX = 1.167[95%-CI: 1.145 - 1.191], respectively; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Nutritional status, health risk behaviors, eating habits, and the presence of diabetes were associated with the odds of older hypertensive adults complying with PA and EX recommendations. The results may help health professionals understand how these factors are associated with the changes of older hypertensive adults participating in physical activity and exercise.

Identification of muscle weakness in older adults from normalized upper and lower limbs strength: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: To propose cut-off points for older adults' weakness for upper and lower limbs muscle strength normalized by body size with the ratio standard/muscle quality and allometric scaling. METHODS: Ninety-four community-dwelling older adults (69.1% women) were assessed for 49 body-size variables (anthropometry, body composition and body indexes), handgrip strength (HGS), one maximum repetition measurement for knee extensors (1RM), isokinetic knee extension peak torque at 60°/s (PT), and six-minute walk test (6MWT). Ratio standard or muscle quality (muscle strength/body size) and allometric scaling (muscle strength/body sizeb; when b is the allometric exponent) were applied for body-size variables significantly correlated with HGS, 1RM and PT. Cut-off points were computed according to sex based on mobility limitation (6MWT < 400 m) with ROC curve and Youden index. RESULTS: Absolute HGS, 1RM and PT cut-off points were not adequate because they were associated with body size (r > 0.30). But it was corrected with muscle strength normalization according to body size-variables: HGS (n = 1); 1RM (n = 24) and PT (n = 24). The best cut-off points, with the highest area under the curve (AUC), were found after normalization for men: HGS/forearm circumference (1.33 kg/cm, AUC = 0.74), 1RM/triceps skinfold (4.22 kg/mm, AUC = 0.81), and PT/body mass*height0.43 (13.0 Nm/kg*m0.43, AUC = 0.94); and for women: HGS/forearm circumference (1.04 kg/cm, AUC = 0.70), 1RM/body mass (0.54 kg/kg, AUC = 0.76); and PT/body mass0.72 (3.14 Nm/kg0.72; AUC = 0.82). CONCLUSIONS: Upper and lower limbs muscle weakness cut-off points standardized according to body size were proposed for older adults of both sexes. Normalization removes the effect of extreme body size on muscle strength (both sexes) and improves the accuracy to identify weakness at population level (for women, but not in men), reducing the risk of false-negative/positive cases.

Correction to: One-repetition submaximal protocol to measure knee extensor muscle strength among older adults with and without sarcopenia: a validation study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13102-020-00178-9.].

Cut-off points of knee extension strength allometrically adjusted to identify sarcopenia risk in older adults: A cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: Handgrip strength used to identify sarcopenia is not representative of overall strength, especially as greater muscle volume and consequent autonomy-mobility are concentrated in the lower limbs. While absolute strength or relative to body mass is used to define sarcopenia, this relationship is not always linear. The aim of this study was to establish allometrically adjusted cut-off points of lower limb (quadriceps) muscle strength to identify sarcopenia risk in older adults. METHODS: ninety-four physically independent individuals over the age of 60 were measured by DXA and sarcopenia was identified. The one-repetition maximum (1RM) test of knee extension strength was estimated using the extensor chair by the submaximal repetition protocol. The six-minute walk test performance was recorded. 1RM values were scaled by body mass (1RM/body mass) and allometrically adjusted (1RM/body massb). Cut-off points for sarcopenia from 1RM were defined with ROC curve and Youden index with functional limitation (walking distance<400 m). Analyzes considered sex (α = 5%). RESULTS: Sarcopenia was present in 10.6 % of participants. The exponents b obtained were 0.70 for women and 0.96 for men. Except for absolute 1RM in women, all areas under the curve were acceptable (>0.70). The cut-off points for women and men were respectively, 38.1 and 56.1 kg for 1RM, 0.53 and 0.85 for 1RM/body mass, 1.48 and 1.00 for 1RM/body massb. CONCLUSIONS: 1RM of knee extension scaled by body mass or allometrically adjusted is an effective parameter to identify sarcopenia in older adults. The proposed cut-off points could be used to monitor sarcopenia risk in geriatrics.

Atuação do profissional de educação física no sistema único de saúde: revisão sistemática / Physical educator's performance in the unified health system: a systematic review / Actuación del profesional de educación física en el sistema único de salud: revisión sistemática

Objetivo: Descrever e analisar os tipos de atuação do profissional de Educação Física no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão sistemática da literatura realizado nos bancos de dados Google Acadêmico e Scielo. Foram analisadas publicações entre os anos de 2005 e 2016 por meio dos descritores: Sistema Único de Saúde, Atividade Física e Educação Física. Resultados: Foram encontrados inicialmente 85 artigos, dos quais somente 12 se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão e entraram nesta revisão. Poucos estudos (n=4) documentam a atuação do profissional de Educação Física no SUS, a qual está voltada prioritariamente à população idosa e realizada de forma curativa. Conclusão: Considerando que o profissional de Educação Física no SUS tem sua participação restrita a apenas alguns tipos de atuação, ela necessita aumentar em abrangência e espectro de forma considerável, de modo a intervir em diferentes grupos populacionais e contribuir significativamente com a promoção da saúde.

Objective: To describe and analyze types of professional practice of physical educators in the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde ­ SUS). Methods: Systematic literature review carried out on Google Scholar and Scielo. Publications from 2005 to 2016 were selected using the following descriptors: Unified Health System, Exercise and Physical Education. Results: A total of 85 studies were found, but only 12 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Few studies (n=4) address the professional practice of Physical Educators in the SUS, which is primarily targeted at older people and curative treatments. Conclusion: Considering that Physical Educators' participation in the SUS is restricted to only some types of professional practice, there is a need to increase in a considerable way its comprehensiveness and spectrum so that they can intervene in different population groups and significantly contribute to health promotion.

Objetivo: Describir y analizar los tipos de actuación del profesional de Educación Física del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de revisión sistemática de la literatura realizado en los bancos de datos del Google Académico y Scielo. Fueron analizadas las publicaciones entre 2005 y 2016 a través de los descriptores: Sistema Único de Salud, Actividad Física y Educación Física. Resultados: A principio se encontraron 85 artículos de los cuales solamente 12 se encuadraron en los criterios de inclusión y entraron para la revisión. Pocos estudios (n=4) documentan la actuación del profesional de la Educación Física en el SUS la cual está dirigida prioritariamente para la población mayor y realizada de manera curativa. Conclusión: Considerando que el profesional de Educación Física del SUS tiene su participación restricta a solamente algunos tipos de actuación, hay la necesidad del aumento de su utilización y espectro de manera considerable para intervenir en distintos grupos de población y contribuir de manera significativa para la promoción de la salud.